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KMID : 0665420140290050464
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Korean Journal of Food Culture
2014 Volume.29 No. 5 p.464 ~ p.475
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Effects of Skipping Breakfast on Nutrition Status, Fatigue Level, and Attention Level among Middle School Students in Gyunggi Province, Korea
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Yim Kyeong-Sook
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Abstract
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Eating breakfast provides crucial nutrition for brain function and helps promote overall health. It is especially critical in
growing adolescents, as it is known to form good eating habits and better study habits. This study investigated the effects
of skipping breakfast on nutritional state, fatigue level, and attention level. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010
on total of 828 adolescents composed of 414 boys and 414 girls. Students who ate breakfast never to twice per week were
placed in the breakfast-skipper group while students who ate breakfast more than five times per week were included in the
breakfast-eater group. Students performed a self-reported questionnaire on food behaviors, amount of food consumption,
fatigue level, attention deficient hyperactivity disease (ADHD) level by Conners-Wells’ Adolescent Self-Report Scales,
depression scale, and self-esteem level. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SAS program (version 9.1). A total of 135 boys (32.6%) and 138 girls (33.3%) were included in the breakfast-skipper group, whereas 241 boys (58.2%) and 223
girls (53.9%) were included in the breakfast-eater group. The breakfast-skipper group showed irregular food behaviors and
lacked nutrients. Specifically, energy (p< .001), protein (p< .001), dietary fiber (p< .001), calcium (p< .01), vitamin A
(p< .01), thiamin (p< .05), niacin (p< .001) levels in boy breakfast-skippers were statistically lower compared to boy
breakfast-eaters. Intakes of all nutrients except fat in girl breakfast-skippers were statistically lower than in girl breakfast-eaters. Girl breakfast-skippers (41.3%) showed significantly higher fatigue risks compared to girl breakfast-eaters (21.5%). Low attention level was also observed only in girls in the breakfast-skipping group. Moreover, students in the breakfast-skipper group showed higher scores for depression and low self-esteem (p< .001). In conclusion, skipping breakfast has effects on young adolescents’ nutrition, manifesting as high fatigue level and low attention level, especially in girls.
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KEYWORD
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Adolescents, breakfast-skipping, nutrition, fatigue, attention
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